URL: www.usbrn.com

Reading and Analyzing Insurance Ratios.

Financial institutions such as banks, financial service companies, insurance companies, securities firms and credit unions have very different ways of reporting financial information. This guide gives you the most pertinent information to analyze an insurance company's financial statements.

I. Underwriting Ratios

Loss Ratio ( Loss Adjustments / Premiums Earned )

USBR calculates the loss ratio by dividing loss adjustments expenses by premiums earned. The loss ratio shows what percentage of payouts are being settled with recipients. The lower the loss ratio the better. Higher loss ratios may indicate that an insurance company may need better risk management policies to guard against future possible insurance payouts.

Expense Ratio ( Underwriting Expenses / Net Premiums Written )

USBR calculates the expense ratio of an insurance company by dividing underwriting expenses by net premiums earned. Underwriting expenses are the costs of obtaining new policies from insurance carriers. The lower the expense ratio the better because it means more profits to the insurance company.

Combined Loss/Expense Ratio ( Loss Ratio + Expense Ratio )

This figure just measures claims losses and operating expenses against premiums earned. The lower the figure the better. The combined ratio is the total of estimated claims expenses for a period plus overhead expressed as a percentage of earned premiums. A ratio below 100 percent represents a measure of profitability and the efficiency of an insurance firms underwriting efficiency. Ratios above 100 percnet denote a failure toearn sufficient premiums to cover expected claims. High ratios can usually occur either because of underpricing and/or because of unexpected high claims.

II. Profitability Ratios

Return on Revenues ( Net Operating Income / Total Revenues )

This figure determines the profitability of an insurance company . It is the profits after all expenses and taxes are paid by the insurance company.

Return on Assets ( Net Operating Income / Mean Average Assets )

USBR calculates the return on assets by dividing net operating income by Mean average assets. This figure shows the profitability on existing investment securities and premiums. The higher the return on assets the better the company is enhancing its returns on existing liquid assets.

Return on Equity ( Average Common Equity / Net Operating Income (less preferred stock Dividends )

This figure shows the net profits that are returned to shareholders. The higher the return on equity, the more profitable the company has become and the possibility of enhanced dividends to shareholders.

The following is a sample Insurance financial statement from :